Top 20 Names of Indian Scientists & Their Inventions.

Names of Indian Scientists:

Scientists hold a pivotal role in advancing the development of our nation. We express our utmost appreciation to the Indian scientists who have bestowed invaluable contributions upon our country and the global community through their groundbreaking research. Today, we aim to provide you with insights into these exceptional individuals who have gifted India with their remarkable inventions. Without further ado, here are the top 20 Indian scientists and their notable discoveries.

Names of Indian Scientists and Their Inventions:

Sr. No.	Indian Scientist’s Names	Year period	Their Inventions
01.	C.V. Raman.	(1888-1970)	Discovery of Raman Effect.
02.	Homi J. Bhabha	(1909 -1966)	He was principal architect of country’s nuclear energy program
03.	A.P.J. Abdul Kalam	(1931 - 2015)	Also called Missile Man Of India , responsible for development nd operation of AGNI and PRITHVI missiles.
04.	Salim Ali	(1896-1987)	Called as Bird Man Of India, invented Systematic bird survey in india . He was an indian Ornithologist and Naturalist.
05.	Satyendra Nath Bose	(1894-1974)	Bose – Einstein System of quantum mechanic
06.	Srinivasa Ramanujan	(1887-1920)	Discovered Ramanujan Summation and explored divergent series. Investigated Riemann series, hypergeometric series, and the function equation of the zeta function.
.07.	Vikram Sarabhai	(1919-1971)	The initiator of the Indian Space Research Organization. Spearheaded the creation and deployment of an indigenous satellite in India.
08.	Meghnad Saha	(1893-1956)	The Saha ionization equation describes stellar conditions, including chemical and physical aspects. It is closely related to the thermal equation.
09.	Subrahmanyan Chandrashekhar	(1910-1995)	An Indian astrophysicist found that massive stars collapse, reaching incredible densities, possibly infinite.
10.	Birbal Sahni	(1891-1949)	His work led to the discovery of coin moulds, raised teaching standard at development of botany.
11.	G.N. Ramachandran	(1922-2001)	He uncovered collagen's Triple Helical Structure and introduced the Ramachandran plot for protein conformation analysis.
12.	Jagdish Chandra Bose	(1858-1937)	The discovery of millimeter-length electronic waves enhances radio communication, bringing advancement and beauty to our country.
13.	Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis	(1893-1972)	Father of indian statics, devised the Mahalanobis distance.
14.	Prafulla Chandra Roy	(1861-1944)	His major discovery was a new compound, mercurous nitrite.
15.	Har Gobind Khurana	(1922-2011)	Construction of the First synthetic gene, renowned research in nuclear acid and protein.
16.	Asima Chatterji	(1917-2096)	An Indian organic chemist studied vinca alkaloids and created an anti-epileptic and anti-malarial drug.
17.	Mokshagundam visvesvaraya	(1860-1962)	Invented the block system, automatic door that close the water overflow.
18.	M.S. Swaminathan	(1925-age 96)	Developed and introduced the high yielding wheat and rice varieties in india.
19.	Shreevam Shankar Abhyankar	(1930-2012)	Indian American Mathematician, contribute t algebraic geometry.
20.	Venkatraman Radha Krishnan	(1929-2011)	Indian space scientist, worked on the study of structure and function of ribosome.

Top 20 Names of Indian Scientists & Their Inventions.

No.01.  C.V. Raman.  (1888-1970) Biographical.

Chandrasekhara venkata raman was born on november 7th, 1888, in tiruchirappalli, southern india. Growing up in an academic environment, with his father working as a mathematics and physics lecturer, raman developed an early interest in the sciences. He enrolled at presidency college, madras, in 1902, and achieved remarkable success during his studies. In 1904, he secured the first place and a gold medal in physics upon passing his b.a. Examination. He continued his academic pursuits and earned his m.a. Degree with the highest distinctions in 1907.

During his time as a student, raman delved into research in optics and acoustics, which would become the primary focus of his entire career. Despite the limited prospects for scientific careers at that time, he joined the indian finance department in 1907. While fulfilling his professional responsibilities, raman seized opportunities to conduct experimental research at the laboratory of the indian association for the cultivation of science in calcutta, where he later became the honorary secretary in 1919.

In 1917, raman was offered the prestigious palit chair of physics at calcutta university, which he gladly accepted. After spending 15 fruitful years at calcutta, he went on to become a professor at the indian institute of science in bangalore from 1933 to 1948. In 1948, he established the raman institute of research in bangalore, where he has served as the director. Additionally, raman founded the indian journal of physics in 1926 and assumed the role of its editor. He played a crucial role in the establishment of the indian academy of sciences and has been its president since its inception. Raman also initiated the proceedings of the academy, through which a significant portion of his work has been published. Furthermore, he holds the position of president in the current science association in bangalore, overseeing the publication of current science (india).

Raman’s early research findings were published as bulletins of the indian association for the cultivation of science. Notable among them are bulletin 6 and 11, which dealt with the “maintenance of vibrations,” and bulletin 15 in 1918, focusing on the theory of musical instruments of the violin family. In 1928, raman contributed an article on the theory of musical instruments to the 8th volume of the handbuch der physik. That same year, he published his work on the “molecular diffraction of light,” which marked the beginning of a series of investigations with his collaborators. These studies eventually led to his groundbreaking discovery of the radiation effect that now bears his name. The discovery, known as “raman scattering,” was published in the indian journal of physics in 1928 and earned him the nobel prize in physics in 1930.

Raman’s diverse research also included experimental and theoretical studies on the diffraction of light by ultrasonic and hypersonic acoustic waves (published between 1934 and 1942), as well as investigations into the effects of x-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light. In 1948, raman approached fundamental problems of crystal dynamics in a novel manner by studying the spectroscopic behavior of crystals. His laboratory extensively explored the structure and properties of diamond, as well as the structure and optical characteristics of various iridescent substances such as labradorite, pearly felspar, agate, opal, and pearls.

Beyond his core areas of interest, raman also explored the optics of colloids, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision. In recognition of his contributions, raman received numerous honorary doctorates and memberships in scientific societies. He was elected a fellow of the royal society in 1924 and received a knighthood in 1929.

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No.02.  Homi J. Bhabha  1909 – 1966. Biographical.

Indian nuclear physicist and visionary scientist Homi Jehangir Bhabha was the main designer of the country’s nuclear energy program. Born in Bombay (now Mumbai) on October 30, 1909, he died on January 24, 1966, in British India.

Here is a brief biographical overview of Homi J. Bhabha:

 

 

1. Early Life and Education:
   • Bhabha belonged to a wealthy and influential Parsi family in Mumbai.
   • He pursued his education at the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai.
   • Later, he went on to study mechanical engineering at the Royal Institute of Science in Mumbai.
2. Education Abroad:
   • Bhabha received a scholarship to study at Cambridge University in England.
   • He initially studied mechanical engineering but later shifted his focus to theoretical physics.
3. Contributions to Physics:
   • Bhabha made significant contributions to the field of theoretical physics, particularly in the areas of cosmic rays and quantum theory.
   • He is best known for his work on the interaction of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, known as the Bhabha scattering.
4. Role in Indian Science:
   • After completing his studies abroad, Bhabha returned to India in 1939.
   • He played a crucial role in establishing the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai in 1945, which became a leading center for scientific research.
5. Nuclear Program:
   • Bhabha played a key role in the development of India’s nuclear program.
   • He advocated for the peaceful use of nuclear energy and believed that India should harness atomic energy for the betterment of society.
6. Atomic Energy Establishment:
   • In 1954, he became the founding director of the Atomic Energy Establishment at Trombay (later named Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, BARC).
   • Under his leadership, India conducted its first nuclear test, codenamed “Smiling Buddha,” in 1974.
7. Recognition and Legacy:
   • Bhabha received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to science, including the Padma Bhushan, one of India’s highest civilian awards.
   • His legacy lives on through institutions like TIFR and BARC, which continue to be at the forefront of scientific research in India.
8. Tragic Death:
   • Unfortunately, Bhabha’s life was cut short when he died in a plane crash near Mont Blanc in the Alps on January 24, 1966.

As the founder of India’s nuclear program, visionary leader, and trailblazing scientist, Homi J. Bhabha is revered. His contributions to science have had a long-lasting effect on Indian science and other scientific communities.

Biography of Homi Bhabha: Homi Bhabha was a distinguished nuclear physicist, dedicated architect, and philanthropist. He held the esteemed position of founding director and professor of Physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). His contributions earned him the title of Father of the Indian Nuclear Programme.

Rocket Boys, a web series on SonyLIV, portrays the lives of Homi Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai. While Homi Bhabha is renowned as the Father of the Indian Nuclear Programme, Vikram Sarabhai is celebrated as the Father of the Indian Space Programme.

Biography of Homi Bhabha Birth, Family, and Education: Homi Jehangir Bhabha was born on October 30, 1909, into an aristocratic family. His parents were Jehangir Hormusji Bhabha and Meherbai Bhabha. His father was a well-known lawyer, and his mother managed the household. At the age of sixteen, Homi Bhabha successfully passed the Senior Cambridge Examination. He pursued a degree in Mechanical Engineering at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Afterward, he commenced his research at the Cavendish Laboratories in Cambridge, where his first paper was published in 1933. In 1935, he obtained his Ph.D. and continued his research in Cambridge until 1939.

Career of Homi Bhabha During the outbreak of war in Europe, Bhabha was in India and decided to temporarily stay rather than return to England. He embarked on his career at the Indian Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, as a Reader in Physics, upon the recommendation of Nobel laureate CV Raman, who headed the Physics department at the time. In 1942, Bhabha was elected as a member of the Royal Society and later became a Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences. In 1943, he assumed the role of President of the Physics section of the Indian Science Congress. Bhabha persuaded several senior leaders of the Congress Party to initiate an ambitious nuclear programme. In line with his vision, he established the Cosmic Ray Research Unit at the Institute and subsequently founded the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Bombay in 1945, with financial support from JRD Tata. In 1948, he established the Atomic Energy Commission and became its first Chairperson. The same year, Jawaharlal Nehru appointed him as the director of the nuclear program, entrusting him with the task of developing nuclear weapons. In 1950, Bhabha represented India in IAEA conferences and served as the President of the United Nations Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1955. From 1960 to 1963, he held the position of President of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Bhabha made significant contributions to Compton scattering, the R-process, and the advancement of nuclear physics. His international recognition soared when he derived an accurate expression for the probability of scattering positrons by electrons, now known as Bhabha scattering. Revered as the Father of the Indian Nuclear Programme, Homi Bhabha formulated a strategy that focused on harnessing power from India’s abundant thorium reserves instead of relying solely on uranium reserves. His theory laid the foundation for India’s three-stage nuclear power programme.

Awards Received : by Homi Bhabha Homi Bhabha was honored with the Adams Prize by the University of Cambridge in 1942 and awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India in 1954. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1951 and from 1953 to 1956.

Death of Homi Bhabha: Tragically, Homi Bhabha’s life was cut short on January 24, 1966, in an airplane crash. He was aboard Air India Flight 101, which crashed near Mont Blanc. Following his death, various assassination theories emerged.

Legacy of Homi Bhabha Following his demise in 1966, the Atomic Energy Establishment in Mumbai was renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre as a tribute to his contributions. The initiative for a radio telescope in Ooty, India, which materialized in 1970, was one of Bhabha’s endeavors. Notable institutions bearing his name include the Homi Bhabha National Institute, an Indian deemed university, and the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education in Mumbai.

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No. 3. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam – 1931-2015

From 2002 to 2007, Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, also referred to as A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was India’s eleventh president. He was a distinguished scientist, engineer, and statesman. He died on July 27, 2015, he was born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India, on October 15, 1931.

Here are key points about A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s life and contributions:

1. Early Life and Education:
   • Kalam was born into a humble family in Rameswaram, and he had a keen interest in science and mathematics from a young age.
   • He studied aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology and graduated in 1954.
2. Career at ISRO and DRDO:
   • Kalam began his career as a scientist at the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in the 1960s.
   • He later joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and played a key role in India’s space and military programs.
3. Missile Development – “Missile Man of India”:
   • Kalam became known as the “Missile Man of India” for his significant contributions to the development of ballistic missile technology.
   • He played a crucial role in the development and operationalization of the Agni and Prithvi missiles.
4. Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests:
   • Kalam played a crucial role in the successful conduct of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, which established India as a nuclear weapons state.
5. Presidency (2002-2007):
   • In 2002, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was elected as the President of India, succeeding K.R. Narayanan.
   • During his presidency, he continued to emphasize the importance of education, technology, and youth development.
6. Post-Presidency Contributions:
   • After his term as President, Kalam continued to be actively involved in education and inspirational activities.
   • He lectured at various institutes and interacted with students, encouraging them to pursue science and technology.
7. Author and Visionary:
   • Kalam was an avid writer and authored several books, including “Wings of Fire” and “Ignited Minds,” which are inspirational autobiographies and reflections on India’s future.
8. Death:
   • A.P.J. Abdul Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of Management Shillong.

In addition to his scientific accomplishments, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is recognized for his vision, modesty, and dedication to education. Many people still find inspiration in him, particularly the younger generation in India.

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No. 04. Salim Ali 1896-1987

Salim Ali, sometimes known as the “Bird Man of India,” was a well-known naturalist and ornithologist from India who rose to prominence as one of the leading authorities on ornithology on the subcontinent. Key details regarding Salim Ali are as follows:

1. Early Life and Education:
   • Salim Ali was born on November 12, 1896, in Bombay (now Mumbai), British India.
   • His early interest in birds was nurtured by his maternal uncle, Sir Mirza Ismail, who was an avid naturalist.
2. Passion for Ornithology:
   • Salim Ali developed a deep passion for birds from a young age.
   • Despite facing health issues and financial constraints, his dedication to ornithology continued to grow.
3. Studies Abroad:
   • Salim Ali went to Germany for further studies in ornithology.
   • He studied at the University of Berlin and the University of Bonn, where he developed expertise in bird watching and taxonomy.
4. Contributions to Ornithology:
   • Salim Ali made significant contributions to the study of birds in India.
   • He conducted extensive field surveys, documented bird species, and worked on bird taxonomy, behavior, and distribution.
5. Systematic Bird Survey in India:
   • Salim Ali is credited with introducing systematic bird surveys in India, helping to gather comprehensive data on the avian population across the country.
   • His surveys laid the foundation for ornithological research and conservation efforts in India.
6. Books and Publications:
   • Salim Ali authored numerous books and scientific papers on Indian birds.
   • His most famous work includes the “Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan,” a comprehensive guide to the birds of the Indian subcontinent.
7. Conservation Advocacy:
   • Salim Ali was a strong advocate for the conservation of birds and their habitats.
   • He played a pivotal role in the establishment of the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary (now Keoladeo National Park) in Rajasthan.
8. Recognition and Awards:
   • Salim Ali received several honors and awards for his contributions to ornithology, including the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Vibhushan, two of India’s highest civilian awards.
9. Legacy:
   • Salim Ali’s legacy extends beyond his scientific contributions. He played a key role in popularizing birdwatching as a hobby in India.
   • The Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON) in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, is named in his honor and continues his work in ornithological research and conservation.
10. Death:
    • Salim Ali passed away on July 20, 1987, leaving behind a lasting impact on the field of ornithology in India.

The scientific community and environmental conservation initiatives in India have been profoundly impacted by Salim Ali’s unwavering commitment to the study and preservation of birds. He is regarded as a trailblazer in the discipline of ornithology and an advocate for safeguarding India’s abundant variety of birds.

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No. 05. Satyendra Nath Bose 1894-1974

Born in Calcutta (now Kolkata), British India, on January 1, 1894, Satyendra Nath Bose was an Indian physicist. His contributions to theoretical physics, especially in the area of quantum mechanics, were noteworthy. The creation of the Bose-Einstein condensate theory and statistics, which Bose co-wrote with Albert Einstein, are his most well-known contributions.

Here are key points about Satyendra Nath Bose and his contributions:

1. Early Life and Education:
   • Bose completed his education in Calcutta, earning his undergraduate degree from Presidency College and his master’s degree from the University of Calcutta.
   • He went on to study at the University of Cambridge, where he worked with noted physicists like J.J. Thomson.
2. Quantum Mechanics:
   • Satyendra Nath Bose’s most significant contribution came in 1924 when he wrote a paper titled “Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta.”
   • In this paper, Bose introduced a statistical method that treated photons as indistinguishable particles, laying the foundation for what would later be known as Bose-Einstein statistics.
3. Bose-Einstein Statistics:
   • Bose’s work caught the attention of Albert Einstein, who extended Bose’s ideas and jointly published a paper with him in 1924.
   • Bose-Einstein statistics describe the distribution of identical particles, particularly those with integer spin, and they are fundamental to the understanding of the behavior of particles in quantum systems.
4. Bose-Einstein Condensate:
   • Bose’s work laid the groundwork for understanding the behavior of particles at low temperatures.
   • In the late 20th century, scientists were able to create a new state of matter called the Bose-Einstein condensate, where particles, typically atoms, occupy the same quantum state.
5. Recognition and Honors:
   • Despite his groundbreaking contributions, Bose did not receive the Nobel Prize for his work on the Bose-Einstein statistics. The Nobel Committee traditionally awarded the prize to a maximum of three individuals, and Bose’s work was recognized posthumously.
   • Bose was honored in various ways, and the class of particles that obey Bose-Einstein statistics, known as bosons, was named in his honor.
6. Academic Career:
   • Bose had a distinguished academic career and served as a professor at the University of Dhaka (now in Bangladesh) and later at the University of Calcutta.
   • He continued his research and made significant contributions to other areas of physics, including the theory of radiation and the theory of metals.
7. Death:
   • Satyendra Nath Bose passed away on February 4, 1974, in Calcutta, India.

The field of quantum statistics owes a great deal to Satyendra Nath Bose, whose contributions and those of Einstein greatly influenced the advancement of quantum mechanics. In the study of quantum systems, the Bose-Einstein condensate and statistics are still crucial ideas.

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